Lincoln University

Department of Philosophy & Religion

Introduction to Philosophy 200

Fall 2009

 

Instructor

Safro Kwame, Ph.D.

E-mail

kwame@lincoln.edu

Phone

Ext 7569

Office Hours

MW 10 am to 1 pm

Office

217 Dickey Hall

 

 

Texts:

Robert Paul Wolff ed. Ten Great Works of Philosophy. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 1969.

Course Packet (printed and/or online in Web CT). (See section 11 below.)

 

Course Description (See section 9 below.):

In this course, students will have the opportunity to examine sample philosophical questions in three classic areas of philosophy, including metaphysics, theory of knowledge, and ethics. These questions will include: Does God exist? What is it rational to believe? What is knowledge? What is the ideal state?  Who am I? Am I free or determined? What are race, racism, and the relations of power? What role do women have in the transformation of society? In examining these questions, students will study representative selections from classic and contemporary authors. Through the study of these issues and philosophers, students will learn philosophical methods and approaches. Most important, they will learn to apply philosophical notions to issues in their own lives.

Goals (See section 13 below.):

1.       Students will learn what philosophy is and what issues are philosophical issues.

2.       Students will learn about issues in several major branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.

3.       Students will learn to think critically and to do philosophy as a critical thinking activity.

4.       Students will learn ways to positively and effectively engage in multi-cultural dialogue.

 

Required Exams and Essay Assignments: (See section 15 below.)

 

Other Rules and Requirements: (See section 19 below.)

Class Participation. Students are expected to participate in class, including reading the assigned aterials and coming to class prepared for discussion. 

Attendance.  Attendance is required.   Three lates equals an absence and students may be graded down or failed for missing more than three classes.   Students missing class are responsible for all assignments and materials covered during class. 

 Academic Integrity.  The instructor follows the University Policy for Academic Integrity.  The statement of that policy is attached.

Classroom Conduct.  In order to provide all students with an opportunity to focus on learning, cell phones must be turned off, hats removed, and other distractions, such as private conversations during class discussion, must be avoided. 

Extra Credit. (See section 19 below.)

 

Guide for Reading:

The assigned materials are all original works in philosophy.  The test of the truth of those ideas lies in philosophical or rational discussion.   Discussion will focus on understanding, clarifying, and critiquing these works.  These discussions are an important part of the learning process where students learn how to do philosophy by practicing it in the classroom.  To do this students must read the assigned material. 

Here are some useful questions to ask of the readings:

What terms are used by the author?  Are they defined?

What question did the author attempt to answer?

What was the author’s main point or thesis?

What supporting reasons did the author give for his or her main point?

What criticisms do you have concerning the author’s point?

 

Evaluation: (See section 15 below.)

 

93-100 = A

83-86 = B

73-76 = C

59 >   = F

90-93 =  A-

80-82 = B-

70-72 =  C-

 

87-89 =  B+

77-79 = C+

60-69 =  D

 

 

Topics and Issues

Why philosophy?  What is the value of philosophy?

Plato, Apology

Plato, Apology

Plato, Crito

Plato, Phaedo

Russell, The Value of Philosophy

Is there something I can know for certain?

Descartes, Meditation I

Descartes, Meditation II

How do I know the external world exists?

Berkeley, Of the Principles of Human Knowledge

Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics

How do I know that the future will be like the past?

Hume, Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operation of the Understanding

Do I have a free will?  Or are all my choices and actions determined?

d'Holbach, The System of Nature

Sartre,  Existentialism is a Humanism

What is the nature of my mind?  How is it related to my body?

J.J.C. Smart, Sensations and Brain Processes

W. Lycan, Giving Dualism its Due

What makes me the same person at different points in time?

Dennett, Where am I?

Can computers think?

Searle, Can computers think?

Can animals think?

Time Magazine "Can Animals Think?

What is God's nature?  Does God exist?

St. Anselm, Ontological Proof, Proslogium

St. Thomas Aquinas, Five Ways

Paley, Natural Theology

What is Evil? Does it prove God does not exist?

Dostoyevsky, Rebellion

John Hick, "Chapter 4 - The Problem of Evil," in John Hick, Philosophy of Religion, 4th Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990, pp. 39-55.

Is it rational/ethical to believe without evidence? Is belief meaningful?

Clifford, Ethics and Belief

William James, The Will to Believe

Popper, Conjectures and Refutations

Flew, Theology and Falsification

Evolution or Creationism?

Drange, Can Creationism be Scientific?

What relation is there between race and philosophy?

Martin Luther King, Letter from Birmingham Jail

Stokely Carmichael, Black Power Speech

West, Hope on a Tightrope

What is African Philosophy and its relation to Western Philosophy?

Kwame Appiah, African Philosophy

Kobina Oguah, African Philosophy and Western Philosophy

What is the right thing to do?

J. S. Mill, Utilitarianism

Thanksgiving Break

Kant, Metaphysics of Morals

What is Virtue? What is Happiness

Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics

 

Day

Date

Discussion Topics, Learning Opportunities and Assessment

Thu

08/27/2009

Prologue

Tue

09/01/2009

Read Introductory Remarks to the Reader pp. vii-xi before today's class.

Thu

09/03/2009

Read Plato: Apology Part I pp. 3-23 before today's class.

Tue

09/08/2009

Read Plato: Apology Part II pp. 23-30 before today's class.

Thu

09/10/2009

Classwork 1: Quiz on Text and Classes.

Tue

09/15/2009

Read Plato: Crito pp. 33-46 before today's class.

Thu

09/17/2009

Read Plato: Phaedo pp. 47-50 and 58-62 before today's class.

Tue

09/22/2009

Read Aristotle: Poetics pp. 66-67 before today's class.

Thu

09/24/2009

Classwork 2: Quiz on Text and Classes.

Tue

09/29/2009

Read St. Anselm: The ontological Proof from Proslogium pp. 106-108 before today's class.

Thu

10/01/2009

Read St. Thomas Aquinas: Proofs of God's Existence, from the Summa Theologica pp. 109-117 before today's class.

Tue

10/06/2009

Classwork 3: Quiz on Text and Classes.

Thu

10/08/2009

Discussion 1.

Tue

10/13/2009

Discussion 2.

Thu

10/15/2009

Comprehensive Midterm Exam.

Tue

10/20/2009

Read Rene Descartes: Meditations on the First Philosophy I pp. 133-138 before today's class.

Thu

10/22/2009

Read Rene Descartes: Meditations on the First Philosophy II pp. 138-148 before today's class.

Tue

10/27/2009

Read The Meditations of Zara Yaquob - Handout before today's class.

Thu

10/29/2009

Classwork 4: Quiz on Text and Classes.

Tue

11/03/2009

Read David Hume: An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding pp. 342-345 before today's class.

Thu

11/05/2009

Read Immanuel Kant: Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics pp. 359-361 and 364-365 before today's class.

Tue

11/10/2009

Read John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism pp. 484-488 before today's class.

Thu

11/12/2009

Read William James: The Will to Believe pp. 556, 563-564, and 569-570 before today's class.

Tue

11/17/2009

Classwork 5: Quiz on Text and Classes.

Thu

11/19/2009

Read Eastern philosophy - Handout before today's class.

Tue

11/24/2009

NO CLASS: Thanksgiving.

Thu

11/26/2009

NO CLASS: Thanksgiving.

Tue

12/01/2009

Read African American philosophy - Handout before today's class.

Thu

12/03/2009

Read African philosophy - Handout before today's class.

T-F

12/08/09 - 12/11/09

Final Exam may be on Friday 12/11/09 at 6 pm. See Registrar's Exam Schedule. You cannot take it earlier than scheduled or with another class.

 

1. Name of the Department: Philosophy and Religion Department.

2. Course Number and Title: PHL-200 Introduction to Philosophy. 3 Credits.

3. Semester: Fall 2009.

4. Name of the Professor: Dr. Safro Kwame.

5. Office Location/Room Number: Dickey Hall Room 217.

6. Conference Hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 10 am-1 pm.

7. Office Extension: 7569. Tel: (484) 365-7569 Fax: (484) 365-8098.

8. E-Mail Address: kwame@lincoln.edu or kwame@mailshack.com (E-mail messages must have Philosophy in the subject line and, unless requested in other formats, attachments must be in plain text and not Microsoft Word.)

 

9. Course Description:  An introduction to famous philosophers and philosophical issues. This course provides an introduction to philosophy through the examination of philosophical problems in the classic divisions of philosophy of ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology. Students are encouraged to learn to "do" philosophy. Course Objective: (a) To familiarize the student with some famous philosophers, (b) foster deep and critical thinking about very basic issues, and (c) exercise and develop the mind and challenge students mentally.

 

10. Course Pre-requisites: English 102 (now E101). You have to take and pass English 102 (now E101) before taking Introduction to Philosophy (PHL 200).

 

11. Required Textbooks: Wolff, Robert. 2002. Ten Great Works of Philosophy New York, Penguin Books/Signet Classic (Required). Hallman, Max. 2007. Traversing Philosophical Boundaries 3rd edition Belmot CA., Wadsworth (Supplement: Not Required). Kessler, Gary. 2007. Voices of Wisdom 6th edition Belmot CA., Wadsworth (Supplement: Not Required).

 

12. Required Materials: Textbook, notebook, pencil and pen.

 

13. Student/Learner Outcomes (Learning Outcome - What student should be able to do at the end of course.): Define philosophy; Distinguish between philosophy, science and religion; Distinguish between epistemology, metaphysics and ethics; Identify some of the famous philosophers; Apply philosophical theories and techniques.

 

14. Learning Opportunities (and Course Assignments): (See above for specific discussion topics and assignments.) Class presentation of readings; Class discussion of readings; Excerpts from classical texts; Identification of the arguments in the readings; Application of the readings.

 

15. Assessment Tools/Grading Standards, including calculations of midterm and final grades (include weights in percentages): Explain philosophy to a child or novice; Distinguish between Western, African and African American philosophies; Identify the philosophical issues in the news; Write or formulate a philosophy of life paper; Take a comprehensive final examination. Course Evaluation: Mid-term grade will be determined by a mid-term exam and semester grade determined by final examination (100%) minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation -- unless stated otherwise on supplementary details. If you like the classworks and have no complaint against them, you may petition to substitute any 2 classworks for the mid-term exam and any 4 classworks for the final exam provided you attend classes until the end of the semester. Unless you officially withdraw or formally request an incomplete (in writing) and submit appropriate documentation before the end of the semester, you will receive a passing or failing grade based on performance and attendance.

Grading Scale: A=100-90, B=89-80, C=79-70, D=69-60, F=59-0 or for difficult exams A=100-80%, B=70-60%, C=50-40%, D=30-20%, F=10-0%. (+/- determined by curve.)

 

16. Attendance Policy (as printed in University Bulletin): Lincoln University uses the method of teaching, which assumes that each student has something to contribute and something to gain by attending class. It further assumes that there is much more instruction absorbed in the classroom than can be tested on examinations. Therefore, students are expected to attend all regularly scheduled class meetings and should exhibit good faith in this regard. For the control of absences, the faculty adopted the following regulations: 1. Four absences may result in an automatic failure in the course. 2. Three tardy arrivals may be counted as one absence. 3. Absences will be counted starting with whatever day is specified by the instructor but not later than the deadline for adding or dropping courses. 4. In case of illness, death in the family, or other extenuating circumstances, the student must present documented evidence of inability to attend classes to the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management. However, in such cases the student is responsible for all work missed during those absences. 5. Departments offering courses with less than full-course credit will develop and submit to the Vice President for Student Affairs and Enrollment Management a class attendance policy in keeping with the above. 6. Students representing the University in athletic events or other University sanctioned activities will be excused from class with the responsibility of making up all work and examinations. The Registrar will issue the excused format to the faculty member in charge of the off- or on-campus activity for delivery by the student(s) to their instructors. Save your documents or “excuses” and submit copies to your instructor at the end of the semester.

 

17. University Approved Integrity Statement: Students are responsible for proper conduct and integrity in all of their scholastic work. They must follow a professor's instructions when completing tests, homework, and laboratory reports, and must ask for clarification if the instructions are not clear. In general, students should not give or receive aid when taking exams, or exceed the time limitations specified by the professor. In seeking the truth, in learning to think critically, and in preparing for a life of constructive service, honesty is imperative. Honesty in the classroom and in the preparation of papers is therefore expected of all students. Each student has the responsibility to submit work that is uniquely his or her own. All of this work must be done in accordance with established principles of academic integrity. 1. Acts of Academic Dishonesty (Cheating): Specific violations of this responsibility include, but are not limited to, the following: * Copying, offering and/or receiving unauthorized assistance or information in examinations, tests, quizzes; in the writing of reports, assigned papers, or special assignments, as in computer programming; and in the preparation of creative works (i.e. music, studio work, art). * The fabrication or falsification of data, results, or sources for papers or reports. * The use of unauthorized materials and/or persons during testing. * The unauthorized possession of tests or examinations. * The physical theft, duplication, unauthorized distribution, use or sale of tests, examinations, papers, or computer programs. * Any action which destroys or alters the work of another student. * Tampering with grades, grade books or otherwise attempting to alter grades assigned by the instructor. * The multiple submission of the same paper or report for assignments in more than one course without the prior written permission of each instructor. 2. Plagiarism: If a student represents "another person's ideas or scholarship as his/her own," that student is committing an act of plagiarism. The most common form of plagiarism among college students is the unintentional use of others' published ideas in their own work, and representing these ideas as their own by neglecting to acknowledge the sources of such materials. Plagiarism includes downloads, copies and purchase of papers and essays from the internet. Students are expected to cite all sources used in the preparation of written work, including examinations. It is each student's responsibility to find out exactly what each of his/her professors expects in terms of acknowledging sources of information on papers, exams, and assignments. It is the responsibility of each faculty person to state clearly in the syllabus for the course all expectations pertaining to academic integrity and plagiarism. 3. Sanctions: A: Warning - A written notice that repetitions of misconduct will result in more severe disciplinary action. The warning becomes part of the student's file in the Office of the Registrar and, if there is no other example of misconduct, is removed at the time of graduation. B: Failure for project (exam, paper, experiment). C: Failure of course. For serious and repeat offenses, the University reserves the right to suspend or expel. Imposition of Sanctions: First Offense - A and/or B. Second and Subsequent offenses - B or C. Students failing a course because of an instance of academic dishonesty may not drop the course. The student may appeal a charge of academic dishonesty within ten days of receiving notice of same. The appeal will be heard by an Academic Hearing Board (AHB) consisting of the chairs of each division of study (or their designees). Files on violations of this academic integrity code will be kept in the Office of the Registrar.

18. Schedule of Weekly Assignments: See below or attachment.

 

19. Miscellaneous Expectations: (a) Classwork consists of in-class quizzes for which there is no make-up. If your name is not printed in capital letters throughout or your cell phone rings or is used in class, half-a-point (5%) or more will be taken off your final grade or score. When graded, papers or quizzes will be distributed at the end (not the beginning) of class. You are required to save all your quizzes and papers. If your attendance and participation are excellent, you may petition to use your classworks in place of your final exam. If you leave in the middle of a quiz or exam, for whatever reason, you will have to answer a different set of questions when you return. (b) Papers: All papers should explain the main question and evaluate the arguments on all sides and be submitted in both electronic and hard copies (i.e. printed on paper and also sent as e-mail). Papers should be typed and accompanied by an abstract (summary of main points, facts and arguments) and bibliography. Use "Save As" to save you paper as plain text and attach it to your e-mail with Philosophy in the subject line. E-mail attachments (in Microsoft Word or Works or WordPerfect or compressed or zipped) which are not in plain text (i.e. txt format) are unacceptable. Late extra-credit papers won't be accepted. Late required papers will be dropped by 1 letter grade. (c) Attendance: Signing the attendance sheet for someone else or missing a class, for whatever reason, may cost you up to 5% on your final grade for each occurrence. According to University regulations, 4 absences may result in a failure and 3 tardy arrivals or departures may count as an absence. (d) Extra-Credit: Extra-credit papers, if permitted, should apply all the readings to your philosophy of life (see papers, above, & website below), due in class on the day of the last quiz, and count as one quiz. At best, 3 philosophy club meetings (you must participate and sign attendance) or a class-presentation (which is an oral critique of a reading/topic, not used for paper, with a written abstract), if permitted, will push 1 classwork up by 1 letter grade.

 

20. Class/Course Website: http://www.lincoln.edu/philosophy/kwame.html or http://philosophydepartment.tripod.com/ or http://www.kwame.50webs.com/ or http://kwame.atspace.com/ WebCT: http://webct41.lincoln.edu:8900 To check your grade on the computer or internet, go to any one of the websites listed above and follow the instructions there. Note that some of the websites may be down and not updated.

 

21. How to Check and Monitor Your Grade in Dr. Kwame’s Class

 

Your semester grade will be determined by the final examination minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation. If a term paper is required for this course (check syllabus), your semester grade will be determined by the final exam (80%) and a typed paper as specified by your syllabus (20%), minus absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation. Note that students are expected to attend classes regularly and participate in class discussions. Hence, no special points are given for attendance or class participation. Points, however, are taken off for absences or lack of attendance and/or poor participation.

 

To estimate or monitor your overall or semester grade, do the following:

1.      Start with an “A” grade and a score of 100%. Later on, when you have 4 or more quizzes or you take the final examination or the semester ends, replace your starting grade and score with either your final exam grade and score or the average of 4 quiz grades and scores (i.e. add the scores or percentages from any 4 quizzes and divide by 4 and, then, use any one of the grading scales you like from the syllabus to convert your average score into a grade). If a term paper is required for this course, add your grade and score for your term paper to either your score on the final examination or average score from 4 quizzes and divide by 5 and, then, use any one of the grading scales you like from the syllabus to convert the resulting score into a grade.

2.      If you have missed 4 or more classes, for reasons other than representing the University in athletic events or other University sanctioned activities, deduct 100 points from your overall score or average as calculated above or, if you prefer, deduct 5 points for every absence (regardless of the reason for your absence); then, use any one of the grading scales you like from the syllabus to convert the resulting score into a grade. If you have missed 3 or fewer classes, skip this step: do not deduct any points.

Your final or semester grade is roughly whatever grade results from following steps 1 and 2 above. Grades are determined by performance and not just given.

Extra-credits, if available for this particular class or course (check syllabus), are applied to your quiz grade or score i.e. added to your quiz grade or score and not your final examination grade or score.

 

22. Absence and Excuses Form. Which absences do you want to be excused and why?

 

Name: ____________________________                Class: _____________________________

No.

Date of Absence

Reason for Absence

Document Attached

1.

 

 

 

2.

 

 

 

3.

 

 

 

4.

 

 

 

5.